Guess the score, fostering collective intelligence in the class

This paper proposes the use of serious games as a tool to enhance collective intelligence of undergraduate and graduate students. The development of social skills of individuals in a group is related to the performance of the collective intelligence of the group manifested through the shared and collaborative development of intellectual tasks [1]. Guess the Score GS, is a serious game implemented by means of an online tool, created to foster the development, collaboration and engagement of students. It's has been designed with the intention of facilitating the development of individual’s social skills in a group in order to promote education of collective intelligence. This paper concludes that the design of learning activities using serious games as a support tool in education, generate awareness about of utilities of gaming in the collective learning environment and the fostering of collective intelligence education.Postprint (published version

Toward a collective intelligence recommender system for education

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), have revolutionized the world and have moved us into the information age, however the access and handling of this large amount of information is causing valuable time losses. Teachers in Higher Education especially use the Internet as a tool to consult materials and content for the development of the subjects. The internet has very broad services, and sometimes it is difficult for users to find the contents in an easy and fast way. This problem is increasing at the time, causing that students spend a lot of time in search information rather than in synthesis, analysis and construction of new knowledge. In this context, several questions have emerged: Is it possible to design learning activities that allow us to value the information search and to encourage collective participation?. What are the conditions that an ICT tool that supports a process of information search has to have to optimize the student's time and learning? This article presents the use and application of a Recommender System (RS) designed on paradigms of Collective Intelligence (CI). The RS designed encourages the collective learning and the authentic participation of the students. The research combines the literature study with the analysis of the ICT tools that have emerged in the field of the CI and RS. Also, Design-Based Research (DBR) was used to compile and summarize collective intelligence approaches and filtering techniques reported in the literature in Higher Education as well as to incrementally improving the tool. Several are the benefits that have been evidenced as a result of the exploratory study carried out. Among them the following stand out: • It improves student motivation, as it helps you discover new content of interest in an easy way. • It saves time in the search and classification of teaching material of interest. • It fosters specialized reading, inspires competence as a means of learning. • It gives the teacher the ability to generate reports of trends and behaviors of their students, real-time assessment of the quality of learning material. The authors consider that the use of ICT tools that combine the paradigms of the CI and RS presented in this work, are a tool that improves the construction of student knowledge and motivates their collective development in cyberspace, in addition, the model of Filltering Contents used supports the design of models and strategies of collective intelligence in Higher Education.Postprint (author's final draft

Measuring the collective intelligence education index

War games and sports games always seek glory and excellence in an environment where participants enjoy what they do. Success is guaranteed in the degree of effective collaboration and coordination within the team members, as well as the strategy used by teams, such games or war strategies are generated since the birth of humanity. In this sense, the following questions emerge in the field of education: Is it possible to design learning activities that use this principle applied to collaborative work in the classroom? Which are the conditions of application of team competition strategy using ICT tools and how to measure it? This research explores the application of a web tool called Choose the Best (CTB). CTB implements a strategy that fosters competitiveness among the teams of a class, as well as the coordination and collaboration within the same, these types of strategies contribute to the development of Collective Intelligence levels. It's measured through a group of implemented metrics. Based on the results, we consider that the use of new forms of teaching and learning based on the emerging paradigms is necessary. Therefore, CTB is a tool that could become an effective way to measuring the group's performance according to Collective Intelligence paradigms.Postprint (author's final draft

Asociación entre enfermedad hemorroidal y prostatitis crónica en adultos jóvenes en hospital I la Esperanza, 2014 - 2019

En este estudio se evaluó la asociación entre la enfermedad hemorroidal y la prostatitis crónica en varones adultos jóvenes. Métodos: Este estudio retrospectivo se basó en 260 pacientes tratados en la consulta externa del Hospital I La Esperanza en los últimos 5 años, evaluando la proporción de pacientes que desarrollaron prostatitis crónica con y sin antecedentes de enfermedad hemorroidal. Resultados: Encontramos 52 pacientes diagnosticados de hemorroides, de los cuales 34 (65.4%) desarrollaron prostatitis crónica y 18 (34.6%) no lo hicieron; mientras que 208 sin diagnóstico de hemorroides, de los cuales 85 (40.9%) desarrollaron prostatitis crónica y 123 (59.1%) no la tuvieron en el periodo de estudio. Tal diferencia en ambos grupos fue estadísticamente significativa con 0.002 (p<0.05). Variables intervinientes como edad e IMC no tuvieron relación estadística significativa con el desarrollo de prostatitis con 0.087 (p>0.05) y 0.798 (p > 0.05) respectivamente. Conclusión: la enfermedad hemorroidal es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar prostatitis crónica en varones jóvenes y se sugieren estudios prospectivos de mayores poblaciones por un tiempo más largo de seguimiento para fortalecer y explicar dicha asociaciónThis study evaluated the association between hemorrhoidal disease and chronic prostatitis in young adult men. Methods: This retrospective study was based upon 260 patients treated in the outpatient department of Hospital I La Esperanza over the past 5 years, evaluating the proportion of patients who developed chronic prostatitis with and without a history of hemorrhoidal disease. Results: The study found 52 patients diagnosed with hemorrhoids, of which 34 (65.4%) developed chronic prostatitis and 18 (34.6%) did not; while 208 without a diagnosis of hemorrhoids, of which 85 (40.9%) developed chronic prostatitis and 123 (59.1%) did not have it in the study period. Such difference in both groups was statistically significant with 0.002 (p <0.05). Intervening variables such as age and BMI did not have a statistically significant relationship with the development of prostatitis with 0.087 (p> 0.05) and 0.798 (p> 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: hemorrhoids is a risk factor for developing chronic prostatitis in young men and prospective studies of larger populations for a longer follow-up time are suggested to strengthen and explain this association.Tesi

Fostering the reduction of assortative mixing or homophily into the class

Human societies from the outset have been associated according to race, beliefs, religion, social level, and the like. These behaviors continue even today in the classroom at primary, middle, and superior levels. However, the growth of ICT offers educational researchers new ways to explore methods of team formation that have been proven to be efficient in the field of serious games through the use of computer networks. The selection process of team members in serious games through the use of computer networks is carried out according to their performance in the area of the game without distinction of social variables. The use of serious games in education has been discussed in multiple research studies which state that its application in teaching and learning processes are changing the way of teaching. This article presents an exploratory analysis of the team formation process based on collaboration through the use of ICT tools of collective intelligence called TBT (The best team). The process and its ICT tool combine the paradigms of creativity in swarming, collective intelligence, serious games, and social computing in order to capture the participants’ emotions and evaluate contributions. Based on the results, we consider that the use of new forms of teaching and learning based on the emerging paradigms is necessary. Therefore, TBT is a tool that could become an effective way to encourage the formation of work groups by evaluating objective variable of performance of its members in collaborative works.Postprint (published version

Relación entre la exposición a Permetrina durante el período de formación del diente y la aparición de defectos en la estructura dentaria. Estudio piloto en ratas

83 p.Introducción: Es frecuente encontrar defectos en la estructura dentaria (DED) con factor causal ambiental, donde la región del Maule, por su concentración laboral en actividades agro-frutícolas, está particularmente expuesta a pesticidas, que podrían favorecer los DED. Objetivo: Explorar la relación entre la exposición crónica a Permetrina y la presencia de DED, desarrollando un protocolo de investigación para esto. Materiales y método: Desde el primer día de gestación hasta destete de crías administración vía oral 5 mg/kg de Permetrina en 5 ml de aceite de maíz, con una sonda orogástrica en ratas madres. Grupo control tratado sólo con aceite de maíz. Desde el destete hasta día 35 post-natal administración en las crías en 0,4 ml de aceite de maíz, posteriormente ratas fueron anestesiadas a fin de verificar y fotografiar la presencia DED, y eutanasiadas. Resultados: 14 ratas crías fueron evaluadas, de las cuales 1 presenta DDE, correspondientes a los dos incisivos inferiores, equivalente al 7,14%. Discusión: Aún no es posible descartar relación entre exposición de este tipo de pesticida con aparición de DED. Se requieren estudios radiológicos, estudios microscópicos, con microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopia de rayos X de energía dispersiva, histología, estudio de dureza del esmalte, western blot de la matriz de esmalte o estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa para análisis de ARN. Conclusión: No existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre la exposición crónica de Permetrina con la presencia de defectos en la estructura dentaria (valor p=0,481). Palabras claves: defectos en la estructura dentaria, pesticidas, Permetrina./SUMMARY Introduction: Defects in dental structure (DDS) with environmental causal factor are frequently found in the Maule region due to their concentration in agroindustrial activities.Objective: To explore the relationship between chronic exposure to Permethrin and the presence of DDS, by developing a research protocol for this. Materials and methods: From the first day of gestation to the disposal of offspring by oral administration 5 mg / kg of Permethrin in 5 ml of corn oil, with an orogastric tube in mother rats. Control group only with corn oil. From weaning to day 35 postnatal administration to the offspring in 0,4 ml of corn oil, feasts were subsequently anesthetized and the presence of DED photographed and euthanized. Results: 14 young rats were evaluated, of which 1 presented DDE, corresponding to the two lower incisors, equivalent to 7,14%. Discussion: It is not yet possible to rule out the relationship between exposure of this type of pesticide and the occurrence of DED. Radiological studies, microscopic studies, with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, histology, study of enamel hardness, the western white spot of the enamel matrix or the reaction study in the chain Of the quantitative polymerase for RNA analysis. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant relationship between the chronic exposure of Permethrin to the presence of defects in the dental structure (p value = 0,481).Key words: defects in dental structure, pesticides, Permethri

Talking and reflecting: Exploring the cognition of a group of English language teachers from the Language Institute of a Colombian public university

This qualitative case study aimed to delve into the cognition of a group of English teachers; that is, their set of beliefs, knowledge, thoughts, and practices (Borg, 2003). The study also aimed to investigate the factors that exert influence on their cognition and the significance of participants' reflections in cultivating self-awareness regarding their cognition. The research was conducted at the Instituto de Lenguas Extranjeras (ILEX) within Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. The participant pool comprised six teachers selected to represent a diverse range of teaching experience, qualifications, ages, and roles within the language institute. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and stimulated recall sessions, which were subsequently subjected to content analysis. The findings shed light on the formation of participants' professional identity, which was found to be molded mainly by the constituents of their practices, and educational factors that exert influence on their cognition both formally and informally. Nuances of participants’ empathy were also found as distinctive characteristics of their cognition. Finally, participants’ involvement in the research process resulted in a valuable source of reflection.Este estudio de caso cualitativo tuvo como objetivo adentrarse en la cognición de un grupo de profesores de inglés. Es decir, en su conjunto de creencias, conocimientos, pensamientos y prácticas. El estudio también buscó investigar los factores que ejercen influencia en su cognición y la importancia de las reflexiones de los participantes para cultivar la autoconciencia en relación con su cognición. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Instituto de Lenguas Extranjeras (ILEX) de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. El grupo de participantes estaba compuesto por seis profesores seleccionados para representar una amplia gama de experiencia docente, cualificaciones, edades y roles dentro del instituto de idiomas. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y sesiones de recuerdo estimulado, que posteriormente se sometieron a un análisis de contenido. Los hallazgos han puesto de manifiesto la formación de la identidad profesional de los participantes; se encontró que ésta se moldea principalmente por los componentes de sus prácticas y los factores educativos que ejercen influencia en su cognición tanto de manera formal como informal. También se encontraron matices de empatía en los participantes como características distintivas de su cognición. Por último, la participación de los docentes en el proceso de investigación resultó ser una valiosa fuente de reflexión.MaestríaMagíster en Educación BilingüeContents Abstract 3 Resumen 4 Acknowledgments 5 Introduction 11 Research Gap 13 Research Questions 15 Research Objectives 15 Theoretical Framework 16 Teachers’ Cognition 16 Teachers’ Cognition in Language Teaching 17 Constructing Teachers’ Cognition 20 Sociocultural Theory and Teachers’ Cognition 22 Social Learning 23 Reciprocal Determinism 24 Use of Social Learning Theory in The Classroom 24 Reflective Practice in Teaching 25 Teachers’ Stated Practices and Preferences 29 Teachers’ Empathy 30 Literature Review 32 Factors Shaping Teachers’ Cognition at Various Levels 33 Teachers’ Cognition and Emotions 33 Adverse Situations Shaping Teachers’ Cognition 34 Teachers’ Learning and Teaching Experience Shaping Their Cognition 35 Reflective Practice and Teachers’ Cognition 36 Cognition Informing Educational Decisions and Teachers’ Education 36 Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Language Teaching Influencing Their Cognition 37 Teachers’ Cognition and Curricular Innovations 38 Continuing Professional Development Shaping Teachers’ Cognition 39 Methodological Perspectives to the Study of Teachers’ Cognition 41 Collective Perspective to the Study of Teachers’ Cognition 41 Individual Perspective to the Study of Teachers’ Cognition 42 Narrative Inquiry in the Study of Teachers’ Cognition 42 Content Analysis and Common Data Collection Methods to Explore Teachers’ Cognition 43 Methodology 46 Qualitative Case Study 46 Context 46 Participants 48 Researchers’ Roles and Positionality 50 Data Collection Methods 51 Interviews 51 Stimulated Recalls 53 Data Analysis 54 Data Organization and Preparation 54 Coding 55 Reducing Overlapping and Redundancy 57 Findings and Discussion 60 Formal and Informal Educational Factors Influencing Teachers' Professional Identity, Knowledge, and Practices 61 Former Teachers as a Factor Influencing Professional Identity 62 Peers Influencing Teachers' Professional Identities and Teaching Practices 66 Professional Development Program Influencing Teachers' Professional Identities and Teaching Practices 70 Participants’ Teaching Experience Influencing Their Professional Identity and Teachers’ Knowledge 72 Family and Personal Relationships Influencing Teachers' Professional Identity 76 Self-Study Influencing Teachers' Professional Identity and Growth 78 The Teaching Context Affecting Teachers' Identity and Knowledge 79 Participants’ Distinctive Cognitions 81 ILEX’s Teachers Cognitions in Stated Practices 81 Teachers’ Stated Preferences in Relation to Their Practices in ILEX Classrooms 85 Empathy for Fostering Teacher-Student Approachability and Rapport Building 88 Empathy for Tolerating Mistakes Made by Students 93 Research Participation as an Emergent Opportunity for Reflective Practice 95 Verbalization of Participants’ Beliefs and Thoughts as a Source of Reflective Practice 99 Conceptualization of the Teaching Profession as a Source of Reflection 100 Participants’ Observation of Their Own Teaching on Video as a Source of Reflection 101 Unexpected Findings 103 Emerging Practices and Preferences from the Urgent Shift in Education Due to a Global Pandemic 103 The Use of Spanish in the English Language Classroom Due to the Implementation of Virtual Learning 108 Conclusions 115 Implications 117 Recommendations and Future Directions 119 Limitations 121 References 122 Appendix A Semi-structured interview 138 Appendix B Participants Consent Letter 14

Data acquisition and meter unit based in wifi communication protocol

Without doubt, the competitive fast rhythm of the industries is one of the main causes helped bring to the accelerated growth of the electronic technology and the communication. The need to develop new products with a best quality, cheaper and faster as assure and increase the quality of the products in the international markets, requires of new technologies to the metering, monitoring and control of their production processes, of which finality is to improve the processes to guaranteed their products in the market in the less time possible, the best quality and low cost for the final consumer. This work is based in the design and implementation of a Wireless Data Acquisition Unit based in WiFi protocol, which is oriented to meter, monitoring and the control of processes in the industry, commercial and the home automation applications, using one of the wirelessprotocols with the biggest acceptance in the market, with the main objective of to take advantage of the installed physical infrastructure in the place of the application, like industry, company or house. The Unit is based in the RN-131G, a Roving Network company module, which is able to work in stand-alone mode with ultralow power consummation and supporting the IEEE 802.11b/g protocols, in which is possible to achieve transfer rates of up to 11 Mbps and 54 Mbps in /b & /g specifications respectively. Whit this unit is possible to meter up to 5 analogs signals with 14 bits precision and has include a temperature and relative humidity sensors. This unit can meter two digital signals and act mean two digitals outputs, and gas include an USB port for communication and programming tasks

Prevalencia imagenológica del conducto incisivo mandibular observado en TC CONE BEAM

44 p.Introducción: El nervio incisivo se ha descrito como una de las ramas terminales del nervio alveolar inferior, y parece funcionar como un conducto bien definido en el hueso de la mandíbula que se extiende desde distal a mesial a partir de la división del conducto alveolar y conducto mentoniano. Sin embargo, la presencia del conducto y el curso de la inervación incisiva sigue siendo una cuestión de discusión y algunos autores incluso dudan de su existencia.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia imagenológica del conducto incisivo mandibular observado en Tomografía Computarizada Cone Beam en pacientes del Servicio de Radiología Máxilo-Facial de la Universidad de Talca. Material y método: Se seleccionó una muestra de 52 TC Cone Beam, parte del archivo con que cuenta el Servicio de Radiología Maxilofacial de la Universidad de Talca, obtenidas entre los años 2008 y 2012. La muestra comprende 30 mujeres y 22 hombres, con edades que fluctúan entre los 20 y 70 años. Resultados: Se analizaron 52 TC Cone Beam, en las que se observaron 97 CIM (93.3%). El sexo femenino mostró una prevalencia mayor respecto del sexo masculino, sin ser estadísticamente significativa. Se observó bilateralmente el CIM en 45 TC Cone Beam (86,5%). El CIM llegó o sobrepasó la línea media en 3 casos (5,8%). No se observó ningún caso en que se reportará unión de los CIM en su recorrido bilateral. El CIM del lado izquierdo se extendió con mayor frecuencia hasta el incisio lateral (52,1%), seguido al canino (37,5%) y finalmente hasta el incisivo central (10,4%). CIM del lado derecho se extendió con mayor frecuencia hasta el incisivo lateral (51,0%), seguido el canino (34,7%)y finalmente hasta el incisivo central (14,3%).Conclusiones: Se encontró una alta prevalencia del conducto incisivo mandibular observado en TC Cone Beam, por lo que se concluyó que el CIM es una estructura anatómica constante y verdadera no solo una variación anatómica, siendo un buen instrumento de detección el uso de la tomografía computarizada Cone Beam

Imago theātrum: el teatro como praxis expandida en las creaciones del grupo colombiano Mapa Teatro

Imago theātrum -el teatro como imagen, en latín- es una reflexión sobre el hecho teatral a partir de una aproximación a las prácticas escénicas de Mapa Teatro- Laboratorio de Artistas, principal exponente del teatro de vanguardia en Colombia. Desde su fundación los hermanos Heidi y Rolf Abderhalden Cortés, núcleo creativo del grupo, concibieron su proyecto desde una visión interdisciplinaria del fenómeno teatral, que apela tanto a su singularidad -lo vivo, lo visual, la experiencia, el encuentro, la presencia- como a la multiplicidad de dispositivos que lo rehacen, superando las fronteras que convencionalmente lo separan de otras artes. Las prácticas de Mapa Teatro apuestan por el reencuentro de lo escénico con lo real y lo vivencial. Esta concepción entra en choque con los fundamentos y praxis de un teatro eminentemente dramático, apoyado más en la textualidad que en la visualidad, en la mimesis, en la sumisión del espectador y del actor ante la Institución-Teatro y ante un régimen colonial de representación, en la separación escenario-público, en la mirada frontal y centrada, en las representaciones naturalistas, psicologistas y realistas. Desde los estudios teatrales este trabajo es un viaje por el teatro contemporáneo de la mano de artistas y autores que han resistido a ese teatro convencional y dominante, cuyo dispositivo dramático pasó al cine y la televisión. Las vanguardias teatrales del siglo XX y de lo que va del XXI en Occidente -las dramaturgias de la imagen, como las llama José A. Sánchez- generaron otras visiones del arte teatral: teatro posdramático, teatro en el campo expandido, teatro y artes vivas… Acogieron las rupturas de las artes plásticas e incorporaron los nuevos artefactos de la visión; se interesaron por las nuevas realidades sociales, las subjetividades, las marginalidades, lo micro-político, las nuevas sensibilidades y formas de asociación; y asumieron otras formas de creación, de escribir la escena con múltiples autores, con artistas y no artistas. El viaje pasa también por las tendencias teatrales en Colombia y se detiene así en las prácticas de Mapa Teatro, no para abordarlas en su totalidad y en toda su complejidad, sino para estudiar los procesos conceptuales, políticos y formales que, en mi opinión, han llevado a ampliar y reconfigurar la noción y la praxis del teatro en el país. De este modo Mapa Teatro recoge un legado artístico y cultural transgresor, lo resignifica, lo potencia y expande así el teatro en su efímero presente y hacia futuro